Japanese Foreigner

All N5 N4 🔒N3 🔒N2 🔒N1 🔒

Vocabulary Kanji Paragraphs Grammar Flashcards

114 grammar points found

Target / time marker

Means / location of action

～ます / ～ませんN5

Polite verb endings

～てくださいN5

Ongoing action / state

～から / ～までN5

じゃないです / ではありませんN5

is not (polite negative)

は (topic marker)N5

as for ~, speaking of ~

が (subject marker)N5

を (object marker)N5

marks the direct object

に (destination / time)N5

to, at, in, on (destination or time)

で (location of action / means)N5

at, in, by, with (location or means)

へ (direction)N5

toward, to (direction)

also, too, as well

の (possessive / modifier)N5

possessive particle, of

か (question)N5

question marker

ます / ませんN5

polite verb ending (affirmative / negative)

ました / ませんでしたN5

polite past tense (affirmative / negative)

てくださいN5

ないでくださいN5

is ~ing, has been ~ing (ongoing action/state)

てもいいですN5

may ~, it's okay to ~

てはいけませんN5

must not ~, may not ~

から (because)N5

けど / が (but)N5

intend to ~, plan to ~

let's ~, shall we ~

と思いますN5

あげる / もらう / くれるN5

to give / to receive (directional giving)

ている (resultant state)N4

is in the state of ~

なければならないN4

must ~, have to ~

なくてもいいN4

don't have to ~, it's okay not to ~

has been done (resultant state)

to do ~ in advance, to do ~ for later

to end up ~ing, to finish ~ing (completely)

たり〜たりするN4

do things like ~ and ~

~ and ~, ~ moreover ~ (listing reasons)

そうだ (appearance)N4

looks like ~, seems like ~

そうだ (hearsay)N4

I heard that ~, they say that ~

ようにするN4

to try to ~, to make sure to ~

ようになるN4

to come to ~, to become able to ~

ことがあるN4

have experienced ~

ことができるN4

can ~, to be able to ~

when ~, at the time of ~

if ~ (conditional)

if it is the case that ~

と (conditional)N4

whenever ~, if ~ (natural consequence)

受身形 (passive)N4

to be ~ed (passive voice)

使役形 (causative)N4

to make/let someone do ~

ようだ / みたいだN4

it seems like ~, it appears that ~

it seems ~, apparently ~

in order to ~, for the sake of ~

so that ~, in such a way that ~

ことにするN3

ことになるN3

it has been decided that ~

just did ~, nothing but ~

should be ~, is expected to ~

reason, it means that ~

about to ~, in the middle of ~, just finished ~

even if ~, even though ~

although ~, despite ~

to the extent that ~, the more ~ the more ~

ようにするN3

to make an effort to ~

ということN3

that ~ (quotation/explanation)

ことはないN3

there is no need to ~

てくる / ていくN3

to come to ~ / to go on ~ing (change over time)

since ~, ever since ~

toward ~, against ~, in contrast to ~

about ~, regarding ~

によって / によるN3

depending on ~, by means of ~, due to ~

as ~, in the capacity of ~

as ~, along with ~, accompanying ~

in accordance with ~, depending on ~

regarding ~, concerning ~

にもかかわらずN2

despite ~, in spite of ~

far from ~, let alone ~

どころではないN2

this is not the time for ~, can't afford to ~

に違いないN2

must be ~, no doubt ~

thanks to ~, owing to ~

because of ~ (negative cause)

if only ~, as long as ~

わけにはいかないN2

can't afford to ~, mustn't ~

although ~, but ~

now that ~, since ~

に限って / に限りN2

limited to ~, only ~

is in the process of ~ing

while ~, although ~

からすると / からすればN2

from the standpoint of ~, judging from ~

starting with ~, including ~

を通じて / を通してN2

through ~, throughout ~

not limited to ~, not only ~

with ~, by means of ~, as of ~

をものともせずN1

in defiance of ~, undaunted by ~

ずにはいられないN1

can't help but ~, can't resist ~ing

んばかりにN1

as if about to ~, on the verge of ~

if only ~, I wish ~ (regret/reproach)

たりとも〜ないN1

not even ~, not a single ~

であれ / であろうとN1

no matter ~, regardless of ~

を余儀なくされるN1

to be forced to ~, to have no choice but to ~

ともなると / ともなればN1

when it comes to ~, once you reach the level of ~

にほかならないN1

nothing other than ~, precisely ~

should not ~, unbecoming of ~

をおいて〜ないN1

no one/nothing other than ~

ないまでもN1

even if not ~, at least ~

ended up not ~ing

as soon as ~, the moment ~